Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in
Allahabad, India. In 1919, he joined the Indian National Congress and joined
Indian Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi’s independence movement. In 1947,
Pakistan was created as a new, independent country for Muslims. The British
withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister. He died on
May 27, 1964, in New Delhi, India.
Pre- political life:
Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad, India in
1889. His father was a renowned lawyer and one of Mahatma Gandhi’s notable
lieutenants. A series of English governesses and tutors educated Nehru at home
until he was 16. He Continued his education in England, first at the Harrow
School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honours
degree in natural science. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London
before returning home to India in 1917. Like her father, Indira would later
serve as prime minister of India under her married name; Indira Gandhi a family
of high achievers, one of Nehru’s sisters, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, later became
the first woman president of the UN General Assembly.
World War II:
At the outbreak of
World War II in September 1939, British Viceroy Lord Linlithgow
committed India to the war effort without consulting the now-autonomous
provincial ministries. In response, the Congress party withdrew its
representatives from the provinces and Gandhi staged a limited civil
disobedience movement in which he and Nehru were jailed yet again.
Nehru spent a little over a year in jail and was
released with other Congress prisoners three days before Pearl Harbour was
bombed by the Japanese. When Japanese troops soon moved near the borders of
India in the spring of 1942, the British government decided to enlist India to
combat this new threat, but Gandhi who still essentially had the reins of the
movement, would accept nothing less than independence and called on the British
to leave India. Nehru reluctantly joined for nearly three years.
Legacy:
Nehru’s four pillars of
domestic policies were democracy, Socialism, unity, and secularism, and he
largely succeeded in maintaining a strong foundation of all four during his
tenure as president. While admired internationally for his idealism and statesmanship.
His birthday, November 14, is celebrated 14, is celebrated in India as Baal
Divas (“Children’s Day”) in recognition of his lifelong passion and work on
behalf of children and young people
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